Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
God is giving Moses a detailed set of laws for the nation of Israel as they build a new society after escaping centuries of slavery in Egypt. In Egypt, the Israelites had been foreigners — outsiders with no rights, subjected to forced labor, oppression, and violence. Now that they are free and forming their own community, God uses their lived experience of suffering as the foundation for an ethical command: do not do to others what was done to you. The word translated "alien" refers to a foreign-born resident — someone living among a people not their own, without the protections of citizenship.
God, I'm quick to forget my own vulnerable moments once I feel settled and safe. Keep the memory of Egypt alive in me — not as a wound I nurse, but as a window into what others are carrying right now. Give me the courage to act on what I already know. Amen.
God doesn't say "be kind to foreigners because it's virtuous." He says, "you know what it's like." He reaches right into Israel's collective memory — the labor quotas, the humiliation, the feeling of being invisible to people with power — and says: that's your curriculum. Your suffering wasn't just something that happened to you. It was supposed to produce something in you. Not bitterness. Not the instinct to finally be the ones with power. Something harder and more costly: empathy that costs you something. Most of us have been the outsider somewhere. The new kid at school who didn't know the lunch table rules. The only person in the room who looked or sounded different. The one who couldn't afford what everyone else had. God says that experience — the one you'd quietly rather forget — is precisely what should shape how you treat whoever is standing on the margins now. Who is the "alien" in your immediate world? A refugee family down the street, an immigrant colleague, a newcomer at church nobody has learned the name of yet? You already know what it feels like to be unseen. Let that knowledge move your feet.
Why do you think God grounds this command in Israel's specific history rather than just saying 'be kind'? What does that choice of reasoning tell you about how God views suffering and empathy?
Think of a time you were the outsider — new to a place, different from the group, without the unwritten knowledge everyone else had. How did people's treatment of you shape you?
It's easier to extend empathy to outsiders we find sympathetic. What happens to your compassion when the stranger in front of you holds views or comes from a background you find difficult or threatening?
Who in your immediate community — your neighborhood, workplace, or church — might be feeling like an alien right now? What would one practical step toward them actually look like?
What is one concrete thing you can do this week to welcome, advocate for, or simply notice someone who is living on the margins of your world?
And if thy brother be waxen poor, and fallen in decay with thee; then thou shalt relieve him: yea, though he be a stranger, or a sojourner; that he may live with thee.
Leviticus 25:35
Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
Exodus 22:21
Cursed be he that perverteth the judgment of the stranger, fatherless, and widow. And all the people shall say, Amen.
Deuteronomy 27:19
Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, and rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens:
Exodus 18:21
But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:
Exodus 20:10
Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates:
Deuteronomy 24:14
And if a stranger sojourn with thee in your land, ye shall not vex him.
Leviticus 19:33
For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin.
Hebrews 4:15
"You shall not oppress a stranger, for you know the soul [the feelings, thoughts, and concerns] of a stranger, for you were strangers in Egypt.
AMP
“You shall not oppress a sojourner. You know the heart of a sojourner, for you were sojourners in the land of Egypt.
ESV
'You shall not oppress a stranger, since you yourselves know the feelings of a stranger, for you [also] were strangers in the land of Egypt.
NASB
“Do not oppress an alien; you yourselves know how it feels to be aliens, because you were aliens in Egypt.
NIV
“Also you shall not oppress a stranger, for you know the heart of a stranger, because you were strangers in the land of Egypt.
NKJV
“You must not oppress foreigners. You know what it’s like to be a foreigner, for you yourselves were once foreigners in the land of Egypt.
NLT
"Don't take advantage of a stranger. You know what it's like to be a stranger; you were strangers in Egypt.
MSG